The Evolution of Vocabulary during the Middle English Period

Abstract

In this article, the development of English vocabulary during the Middle English period is examined from a historical–linguistic perspective. The study focuses on the extensive lexical expansion resulting from language contact, particularly with Norman French and Latin, following the Norman Conquest of 1066. It analyzes semantic shifts, borrowing patterns, and lexical stratification across social and functional domains. Furthermore, the article evaluates how these changes contributed to the emergence of a more heterogeneous and stylistically differentiated lexicon, laying the foundation for Modern English vocabulary.