QANDLI DIABET: ETIOLOGIYASI, PATOGENEZI, KLINIK BELGILARI VA ZAMONAVIY DAVOLASH YONDASHUVLARI
Keywords:
qandli diabet, insulin, insulin rezistentligi, giperglikemiya, 1-tur diabet, 2-tur diabet, uglevod almashinuvi, asoratlar, diagnostika, davolashAbstract
Qandli diabet — bu surunkali endokrin kasallik bo‘lib, organizmda uglevod, yog‘ va oqsil almashinuvi buzilishi bilan tavsiflanadi. Ushbu kasallik insulin gormonining yetishmovchiligi yoki uning biologik ta’sirining pasayishi natijasida rivojlanadi. Bugungi kunda qandli diabet butun dunyo bo‘ylab eng dolzarb tibbiy-ijtimoiy muammolardan biri hisoblanadi, chunki u nafaqat mehnatga layoqatli aholida, balki yoshlar va bolalar orasida ham tobora ko‘proq uchramoqda. Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, diabet bilan kasallanganlar soni yildan-yilga ortib bormoqda va bu holat sog‘liqni saqlash tizimiga katta iqtisodiy yuk yuklamoqda.
Qandli diabet asosan ikki asosiy turga bo‘linadi: 1-tur va 2-tur qandli diabet. 1-tur qandli diabet ko‘pincha bolalik yoki o‘smirlik davrida rivojlanib, oshqozon osti bezining β-hujayralari autoimmun jarayonlar natijasida zararlanishi bilan bog‘liq. 2-tur qandli diabet esa ko‘proq kattalar orasida uchraydi va insulin rezistentligi hamda nisbiy insulin yetishmovchiligi bilan xarakterlanadi. Kasallikning rivojlanishiga irsiy omillar, noto‘g‘ri ovqatlanish, semizlik, kamharakat turmush tarzi, surunkali stress va boshqa xavf omillari katta ta’sir ko‘rsatadi.
Qandli diabetning klinik belgilari xilma-xil bo‘lib, ular orasida polidipsiya, poliuriya, polifagiya, tana vaznining o‘zgarishi, tez charchash, ko‘rishning pasayishi va teri infeksiyalariga moyillik kabi simptomlar keng tarqalgan. Kasallik o‘z vaqtida aniqlanib, to‘g‘ri davolanmasa, yurak-qon tomir tizimi, buyraklar, ko‘z to‘r pardasi va asab tizimi kabi muhim a’zolarda jiddiy asoratlar rivojlanishiga olib kelishi mumkin.
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