HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFEKSIYASIDA ANTIBIOTIKLARGA REZISTENTLIK SHAKLLANISHI
Keywords:
Helicobacter pylori, antibiotiklarga rezistentlik, klaritromitsin, metronidazol, levofloksatsin, eradikatsiya, gastrit.Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infeksiyasi dunyo aholisining katta qismida uchraydigan surunkali bakterial kasalliklardan biri hisoblanadi. Ushbu mikroorganizm surunkali gastrit, peptik yara kasalligi, me’da adenokarsinomasi hamda me’da shilliq qavati bilan bog‘liq limfoid to‘qima limfomasining rivojlanishida muhim etiologik omil sifatida e’tirof etiladi. So‘nggi yillarda H. pylori infeksiyasini davolash samaradorligini pasaytirayotgan asosiy muammolardan biri antibiotiklarga rezistent shtammlarning keng tarqalishi hisoblanmoqda. Ayniqsa, klaritromitsin, metronidazol va levofloksatsinga nisbatan rezistentlikning ortib borishi eradikatsion terapiya natijalariga sezilarli salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Turli epidemiologik kuzatuvlar natijalariga ko‘ra, ayrim hududlarda klaritromitsinga rezistentlik 15–30 %, metronidazolga rezistentlik 40–70 %, levofloksatsinga rezistentlik esa 20–40 % oralig‘ida uchrashi aniqlangan. Bunday holat standart uch komponentli davolash sxemalarining samaradorligini pasaytirib, muqobil davolash strategiyalarini ishlab chiqish zaruratini yuzaga keltirmoqda. Mazkur maqolada H. pylori ning antibiotiklarga rezistentligi shakllanishining molekulyar-genetik mexanizmlari, rezistentlikning geografik xususiyatlari, davolash samaradorligiga ta’siri hamda zamonaviy eradikatsion terapiya yondashuvlari ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida tahlil qilindi. Shuningdek, rezistent shtammlar tarqalishining epidemiologik ko‘rsatkichlari, xalqaro tavsiyalar va klinik tadqiqotlar natijalari umumlashtirildi. Tahlillar natijasida antibiotiklarga rezistentlikning ortishi H. pylori infeksiyasini nazorat qilishda eng dolzarb muammolardan biri ekanligi hamda individual va hududiy rezistentlik ko‘rsatkichlarini hisobga olgan holda davolash protokollarini takomillashtirish zarurligi aniqlandi.
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