ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDE COMPLEXES FROM KARAKUL LAMB ORGANS AND CAMEL MILK FOR POTENTIAL PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS
Abstract
Natural bioactive peptides have emerged as promising candidates for the development of safe and effective therapeutic agents due to their high specificity and low toxicity. In this study, peptide complexes were isolated and characterized from the thymus, lung, and heart tissues of Karakul lambs, as well as from camel milk proteins, with the aim of evaluating their biological activity and pharmaceutical potential. Peptides were obtained using enzymatic hydrolysis and multi-step chromatographic purification, followed by structural identification through high-performance liquid chromatography and LC–MS/MS analysis. A total of nine peptides were identified in the thymus-derived preparation (Timoptin), including α1-thymosin, β4-thymosin, and thymopoietin. Lung-derived peptide complexes (Aflan) consisted of three major fractions with molecular weights of 8805.108, 12109.215, and 14376.112 Da, demonstrating pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. Heart-derived peptides (Kardin) included six bioactive components associated with the regulation of blood rheological properties. Additionally, enzymatic hydrolysis of camel milk proteins resulted in the identification of three antioxidant peptides with defined primary structures. Biological evaluation revealed that the obtained peptide complexes exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hemorheological activities. The findings highlight the potential of these natural peptide-based substances as promising candidates for the development of novel pharmaceutical agents.
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