CHRONIC GANGRENOUS PULPITIS: ETIOLOGY, CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PATHOGENESIS
Keywords:
chronic pulpitis, pulp gangrene, dental pulp, necrosis, microcirculation, hypoxia, inflammation, anaerobic bacteria, dentin permeability, toxins, histopathology, endodontics.Abstract
Chronic gangrenous pulpitis represents an advanced degenerative-inflammatory condition of the dental pulp characterized by extensive tissue necrosis and putrefactive changes. From a theoretical and scientific perspective, this pathology develops as a consequence of prolonged microbial invasion, compromised pulpal microcirculation, and progressive hypoxia within the confined pulp chamber. The present article provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of chronic gangrenous pulpitis based exclusively on anatomical, histological, hydrodynamic, and statistical data derived from established scientific literature. Clinical case descriptions and patient-based observations are deliberately excluded to ensure a purely conceptual and evidence-based approach. Particular attention is given to the etiological factors that disrupt pulpal homeostasis, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying pulpal gangrene, and the anatomical peculiarities that predispose the pulp to irreversible degeneration. Furthermore, the article synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed articles, dissertations, and classical endodontic theories to elucidate the structural and functional alterations observed in chronic gangrenous pulpitis. By integrating hydrodynamic concepts of pulpal pressure, vascular collapse, and toxin diffusion, this review aims to clarify the pathogenesis of pulpal gangrene and its implications for dental hard tissues and periapical structures. The study contributes to a deeper theoretical understanding of chronic gangrenous pulpitis and provides a structured scientific basis for future experimental and translational research in endodontic pathology.
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