ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND MODERN TECHNOLOGIES is the official journal of the fields of Civil, Robotic, Materia, Chemical, Computer, Electrical, Mechanical, Agricultural, Manufacturing Engineering and Modern Technologies. It considers the following types of original material for review and publication: research results, review articles, letters to the editor, briefs, case reports, book reviews, technology reports and article reviews. Each issue covers topics of interest to a wide readership, industry, academia and government. A journal for everyone interested in science. We are pleased to offer all interested authors the opportunity to publish in the pages of the journal. The journal publishes articles of a problematic and scientific-practical nature.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF TRADITIONAL SMOKING AND VAPING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA IN YOUNG ADULTS
This article explores the increasing incidence of lung adenocarcinoma among young individuals, a trend no longer limited to older populations. While traditional smoking remains the main risk factor, the rapid rise of electronic cigarette use has introduced new harmful exposures affecting lung tissue. The paper highlights key molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, DNA damage, and epigenetic changes, which lead to mutations in genes such as EGFR, KRAS, and ALK. It also emphasizes the role of toxic substances in e-cigarette aerosols in promoting carcinogenesis. Additionally, social and psychological factors—such as peer pressure, marketing strategies, and the perception of vaping as safe—are discussed as drivers of increased use among youth. The article concludes that lung adenocarcinoma in young people results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors, underscoring the need for better regulation, awareness, and early detection strategies.
Lung adenocarcinoma; Electronic cigarettes (vaping); Youth population; Carcinogenesis; Oxidative stress; DNA damage; EGFR mutation; KRAS mutation; ALK rearrangement; Inflammation; Genotoxicity; Risk factors; Public health
RAQAMLI BANK XIZMATLARIDA KIBERXAVFSIZLIK
Ushbu maqola bank tizimining yaralishi va undagi xavfsizlik talablari hamda unga qilinayotgan chor tadbir to‘g‘risida tahlil qilindi. Bank tizimidagi raqamli innavatsiyalar kundan kun o‘zgarish va xavfsizlik zamon talabiga mos ravishda oshirib borilmoqda. Shuningdek, maqolada ushbu xizmatlarning amaliy foydalanish misollari keltirilib, kelajakdagi istiqbollari yoritiladi.
Bank tizimidagi shifrlar, terminal va to‘lov usullari, bank indifikatsiyasi, ximoya parollari va biometrik quluflar.
ADVANCING PROTEIN ENGINEERING VIA ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Proteins are central to nearly all biological processes; their functions are tightly regulated by dynamic mechanisms such as covalent alterations; e.g., post-translational modifications (PTMs). These modifications can influence the protein’s structure, localization, and activity. Inspired by this diversity and regulation, advances in synthetic organic chemistry have enabled the production of a plethora of novel proteins for both basic research and biomedical applications. Recent progress in structural elucidation technologies and modern organic chemistry has enabled atom-level modifications, significantly enhancing our ability to tailor protein function. These approaches greatly expand the toolkit currently available for generating complex proteins with unique structural and functional properties. In this review, we summarize recent progress in chemical protein engineering and highlight its emerging applications in catalysis, functional studies, and drug development.
protein engineering, chemical protein modification, post-translational modifications (PTMs), synthetic organic chemistry, protein structure–function relationship, covalent crosslinking, unnatural amino acids, protein folding, bioconjugation, structural biology, catalytic applications, drug development.
ALEKSANDR FAYNBERG IJODIDA SHE’RIYAT VA KINO DRAMATURGIYASINING UYG‘UNLIGI
Mazkur maqolada Aleksandr Faynberg ijodida she’riyat va kino dramaturgiyasining o‘zaro bog‘liqligi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida shoirning badiiy tafakkuri kino san’ati bilan qanday uyg‘unlashgani ko‘rib chiqiladi. Faynberg nafaqat shoir, balki kino uchun matn va ssenariylar yozgan ijodkor sifatida ham tanilgan. Uning she’riy tafakkuri kino tasvirlari, sahna harakati va dramatik vaziyatlar bilan bog‘liq holda shakllangan. Maqolada shoir ijodida tasviriylik, dramatik fikrlash va obrazlarning harakat orqali ifodalanishi kabi jihatlar tahlil qilinadi. Tahlil shuni ko‘rsatadiki, Faynberg ijodida she’riy tasvir va kino dramaturgiyasi bir-birini to‘ldiruvchi ikki muhim yo‘nalish sifatida namoyon bo‘ladi.
Aleksandr Faynberg, she’riyat, kino dramaturgiyasi, badiiy obraz, ssenariy, adabiyot va kino.
STUDENT MOTIVATION IN 21st CENTURY EDUCATION: PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
This article explores student motivation in the context of 21st-century education, emphasising its psychological foundations and pedagogical implications. In educational environments increasingly influenced by technological development and evolving academic expectations, motivation has emerged as a crucial element shaping students’ engagement and learning outcomes. The study employs a qualitative and descriptive approach grounded in the analysis of established motivational theories and relevant scholarly research. It examines the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the significance of psychological needs, and the role of instructional and environmental factors in sustaining student engagement. The findings suggest that motivation plays a decisive role in students’ persistence, academic involvement, and overall achievement. Although external incentives may support short-term effort, sustained academic growth is more strongly associated with intrinsic motivation and supportive learning environments. The study underscores the importance of aligning psychological insight with effective pedagogical practice to foster consistent and meaningful engagement in contemporary education.
student motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, psychological foundations, pedagogical implications, academic engagement.
THE INTERACTION OF RUSSIAN AND CENTRAL ASIAN CULTURAL ELEMENTS IN ALEXANDER FEINBERG’S POETRY
This article analyses how Russian and Central Asian cultural traditions are interconnected in the poetry of Alexander Feinberg. The study explores how diverse cultural perspectives and artistic concepts converge in his work to form a unified system of literary expression. The results of an in-depth textual analysis demonstrate that these cultural layers do not function separately but exist in an integrated and mutually enriching manner, shaping Feinberg’s distinctive artistic style. The research argues that his poetry can be understood as a literary phenomenon in which different traditions come together and interact creatively.
Intercultural influence, literary convergence, symbolic imagery, philosophical reflection, traditions.
LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC FIELDS IN ALEXANDER FAYNBERG’S POETRY: A CORPUS LINGUISTIC STUDY
This article presents a corpus-based linguistic study of the lexical and semantic fields in the poetry of Alexander Faynberg. By utilizing computational tools and corpus linguistics methodologies, the research identifies the dominant semantic domains—such as "Urban Landscape," "Nature," "Memory," and "Cultural Identity"—that define Faynberg’s poetic idiolect. The study analyzes word frequency, collocation patterns, and semantic associations to uncover how the poet bridges Slavic and Central Asian cultural codes. The findings reveal a high degree of "semantic hybridity," where Russian linguistic structures are populated with local Uzbek realia and philosophical concepts. This data-driven approach provides an objective framework for understanding the stylistic evolution of Faynberg's work, moving beyond traditional qualitative analysis to a quantitative mapping of his poetic world.
: Alexander Faynberg, Corpus Linguistics, Lexical Field, Semantic Domain, Quantitative Analysis, Poetic Idiolect, Collocation, Uzbek-Russian Literary Relations
THE ROLE OF ALEXANDER FEINBERG’S POETRY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN UZBEK POETICS
This article examines the role of Alexander Feinberg’s poetry in the development of modern Uzbek poetics. The study analyses the images, expressive means, and reflections on life and human experience found in Feinberg’s poems and their connection with certain features of modern Uzbek poetry. Particular attention is given to the relationship between national spirit and universal ideas in the poet’s works. The results of the study show that Feinberg’s poems have influenced the development of modern Uzbek poetics through their themes, imagery, and ways of expression.
modern Uzbek poetry, poetic imagery, lyrical speaker, symbolic meaning, poetic expression.
WORD AND STAGE: BEHBUDI’S DRAMATURGY AND THE NATIONAL THEATER
This article examines the development of the Turkestan press at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, focusing on the role of Mahmudkhoja Behbudi in promoting enlightenment and social awareness through journalism and publishing. The study highlights how Behbudi’s work in newspapers, pamphlets, and books contributed to the intellectual, cultural, and moral awakening of society, emphasizing the press as a tool for reform, education, and critical thinking.
Turkestan press, Mahmudkhoja Behbudi, journalism, publishing, enlightenment, Jadid movement, social awakening.
ПОЭТИЧЕСКАЯ ФУНКЦИЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЕДИНИЦ И ПОВТОРОВ В ПОЭЗИИ АЛЕКСАНДРА ФАЙНБЕРГА
В статье рассматривается художественная роль фразеологических единиц и повторов в поэзии Александра Файнберга. На основе анализа ряда стихотворений показано, как повтор усиливает эмоциональное звучание и организует внутреннюю структуру текста, а устойчивые выражения придают стихам дополнительную глубину. Результаты исследования показывают, что Файнберг использует языковые средства не ради внешнего эффекта, а для более выразительной передачи мыслей и переживаний. Повтор помогает сосредоточить внимание на главной идее, а фразеологические обороты делают поэтическое высказывание более насыщенным. В итоге поэзия Файнберга отличается цельностью и внутренней выразительностью.
устойчивые выражения, художественная выразительность, повтор, поэтическая структура, усиление смысла, языковые средства
AUTOMATED SYBER ATTACK RESPONSE SYSTEMS BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
This paper investigates the theoretical foundations, operational mechanisms, and practical effectiveness of automated cyberattack response systems based on artificial intelligence. With the increasing speed, scale, and complexity of cyber threats in modern cyberspace, traditional security mechanisms demonstrate significant limitations in detecting and responding to sophisticated and unknown attacks. Consequently, there is a growing demand for intelligent and automated response systems capable of operating in real time without direct human intervention. The study explores automated response approaches employing machine learning and deep learning techniques for threat detection, classification, and mitigation. An intelligent system architecture consisting of data collection, threat analysis, and automated decision-making modules is analyzed. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that AI-based response mechanisms significantly reduce detection and response time, improve attack identification accuracy, and minimize false positive rates compared to conventional security solutions. The results indicate that artificial intelligence–driven automated response systems enhance cybersecurity resilience by enabling rapid adaptation to emerging and zero-day attacks while reducing dependence on the human factor. These findings confirm the effectiveness of AI-based approaches in strengthening modern cybersecurity infrastructures and ensuring proactive threat mitigation.
artificial intelligence; cybersecurity; automated response systems; machine learning; deep learning; cyberattack detection; real-time security
UO‘K: 616.314-089.23:620.22 TISH PROTEZLARIDA BIOMATERIALLARNING ROLI: KOMPOZITLAR, KERAMIKA, METALL KERAMIKA TURLARI VA ULARNING XUSUSIYATLARI
Zamonaviy ortopedik stomatologiyada tish protezlarining funksional samaradorligi, uzoq muddat xizmat qilishi va estetik talablarga javob berishi ko‘p jihatdan qo‘llaniladigan biomateriallarning fizik-kimyoviy, mexanik va biologik xususiyatlariga bog‘liqdir. Ushbu ilmiy maqolada tish protezlash amaliyotida keng qo‘llanilayotgan biomateriallar — kompozitlar, to‘liq keramika va metall-keramika tizimlarining tarkibi, tuzilishi hamda ularning anatomik va funksional mosligi nazariy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Biomateriallarning og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i muhitiga moslashuvi, mexanik barqarorligi, biologik inertligi va mexanik mustahkamligi ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida yoritilgan. Shuningdek, turli protez konstruksiyalarida material tanlash mezonlari, ularning afzallik va cheklovlari ilmiy-nazariy nuqtai nazardan baholanadi. Tadqiqot metodologiyasi zamonaviy ilmiy bazalarda chop etilgan maqolalar, monografiyalar va dissertatsiya ishlarining tizimli tahliliga asoslanadi. Olingan natijalar biomateriallarning stomatologik protezlarda qo‘llanilishi nafaqat estetik ko‘rsatkichlarni, balki biologik moslik va funksional barqarorlikni ta’minlashda muhim o‘rin tutishini ko‘rsatadi. Ushbu maqola biomaterialshunoslik va ortopedik stomatologiya sohasida ilmiy-nazariy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.
tish protezlari, biomateriallar, kompozitlar, keramika, metall-keramika, mexanik mustahkamlik, estetiklik, protez konstruksiyasi, stomatologik materiallar.
JADID MATBUOTI ORQALI JAMIYATDA MADANIY UYG‘ONISH JARAYONI
Mazkur maqolada XX asr boshlarida O‘rta Osiyoda, xususan, Turkiston hududida jadidchilik harakatining muhim yo‘nalishlaridan biri bo‘lgan matbuot faoliyati va uning jamiyatdagi madaniy uyg‘onish jarayoniga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Jadid matbuotining ma’rifatparvarlik g‘oyalari, xalqni savodxonlikka, milliy o‘zlikni anglashga chorlagan dasturlarining ijtimoiy ahamiyati ilmiy nuqtai nazardan yoritilgan.
Jadidchilik, matbuot, ma’rifatparvarlik, milliy uyg‘onish, islohot, “Taraqqiy”, “Sadoi Turkiston”, “Shuhrat”, madaniyat, ma’naviyat.
SEL SUV OMBORINING GIDRAVLIK XAVFSIZLIGINI HISOBLASH (QIZILSUV SEL OMBORI MISOLIDA)
Ushbu ilmiy maqolada O‘zbekistonning tog‘oldi hududlarida joylashgan Qizilsuv sel suv omborining gidravlik xavfsizligini ta’minlashga qaratilgan hisoblash va modellashtirish ishlari yoritiladi. Gidrotexnik inshootlarga ta’sir etuvchi asosiy gidravlik omillar suv bosimi, oqim tezligi, sho‘ng‘ish chuqurligi va xavfsizlik koeffitsiyati asosida sel omborning muhandislik barqarorligi tahlil qilindi. Zamonaviy HEC-RAS va MIKE21 modellashtirish dasturlari yordamida xavfsizlik holatini aniqlashtirish va ehtimoliy xavflarni bashorat qilish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqildi.
Qizilsuv sel ombori, gidravlik xavfsizlik, sho‘ng‘ish chuqurligi, xavfsizlik koeffitsiyati, HEC-RAS, MIKE21, sel xavfi, bosim, oqim tezligi
RAQAMLI IQTISODIYOT SHAROITIDA SANOAT KORXONALARIDA INTELLEKTUAL BOSHQARUVNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida sanoat korxonalarida intellektual boshqaruvni takomillashtirish,ishlab chiqarish jarayonlarini raqamlashtirish orqali mahsulot hajmini oshirish, sanoat korxonalarida raqamli transformatsiya va avtomatlashtirishni amalga oshirish borasida rivojlangan davlatlar tajribasi, bugungi kundagi mavjud iqtisodiy shart-sharoitlar, korxonalarida amalga oshirilayotgan raqamlashtirish jarayonlari, biznes modellari taxlil qilingan xolda, mamlakatimiz sanoat korxonalarida raqamli transformatsiya va yangi biznes modellarini joriy etish bo‘yicha nazariy va amaliy xulosalar tahlil qilingan.
raqamlashtirish, raqamli transformatsiya, intellektual ,avtomatlashtirish, yangi biznes modeli, foyda, qo‘shilgan qiymat, martketing.
TIJORAT BANKLARIDA KREDIT RISKLARINI SAMARALI BOSHQARISHNING INVESTITSION MUHITNI BARQARORLASHTIRISHDAGI AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqola tijorat banklarida kredit risklarini boshqarish mexanizmlari va ularning investitsion muhitni barqarorlashtirishdagi rolini nazariy va amaliy jihatdan tahlil qiladi. Maqolada kredit risklarining manbalari, baholash usullari, monitoring va nazorat mexanizmlari, shuningdek kredit sifatini yaxshilash orqali investitsion faollik va ishonchni oshirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotda Markaziy bank va Milliy statistika agentligining rasmiy ma’lumotlari, shuningdek xalqaro tashkilotlar tahlillari va adabiyotlar asosida empirik jihatlar tahlil qilingan. Ilmiy xulosalar va amaliy takliflar investitsion muhitni mustahkamlashga qaratilgan.
kredit risklari, tijorat banklari, muammoli kreditlar (NPL), kredit sifatini boshqarish, investitsion muhit, kredit monitoringi, bank siyosati, risk-fond.
UMUMTA’LIM MAKTABLARIDA DASTURLASH TILLAR
Ushbu maqola umumta’lim maktablarida dasturlash tillarini o’qitish mavzusini qamrab oladi. Dasturlash tillarining asosiy turlari, ularning maktablarda qo’llanilishi, afzalliklari va samaradorligi batafsil tushuntirilgan. Maktab o’quvchilari uchun mos tillar (masalan, Scratch, Python), o’rganish jarayonlari va real hayotdagi qo’llanish imkoniyatlari ko’rib chiqilgan. Maqolada dasturlash o’qitishning afzalliklari, statistik ma’lumotlar va zamonaviy tendensiyalar ham muhokama qilinadi. Jadvalar va grafiklar orqali ma’lumotlar taqdim etiladi.
Dasturlash tillari, umumta’lim maktablari, Scratch, Python, kompyuter ta’limi, kodlash, muammo hal qilish, raqamli savodxonlik.
QAYTA JIHOZLANGAN AVTOMOBILLAR QO‘L BOSHQARUVI QISMLARINI SINOVDAN O‘TKAZISH
Ushbu ilmiy-tadqiqot jismoniy imkoniyati cheklangan shaxslar uchun maxsus qayta jihozlangan avtomobillarning qo‘l boshqaruvi tizimlari ishonchliligi va xavfsizligini ta’minlashga qaratilgan. Tadqiqotda qo‘l boshqaruvi qismlarini sinovdan o‘tkazishning mavjud amaliyotlari tahlil qilinib, ularning samaradorligini oshirish maqsadida keng qamrovli va kompleks sinov metodologiyasi taklif etiladi. Mazkur metodologiya laboratoriya, stend va yo‘l sinovlarini o‘z ichiga olib, boshqaruv tizimlarining mexanik mustahkamligi, chidamliligi, eskirishga chidamliligi, ergonomikasi va funksional xavfsizligi kabi muhim jihatlarini baholashga imkon beradi. Tadqiqot natijalari qayta jihozlangan avtomobillar uchun qo‘l boshqaruvi tizimlarini sertifikatlash jarayonlarini takomillashtirishga, shuningdek, me’yoriy-huquqiy bazani yangilashga xizmat qiladi.
qo‘l boshqaruvi, qayta jihozlangan avtomobil, avtomobil xavfsizligi, sinov metodologiyasi, ishonchlilik, ergonomika, nogironligi bo‘lgan haydovchilar, sinov stendi, elektron boshqaruv tizimlari.
O‘ZBEKISTON ELEKTROENERGETIKA TIZIMIDA SHAMOL GENERATORLARINING INFRATUZILMASI VA RIVOJLANISHINING METODIK ASOSLARI
Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston elektroenergetika tizimida shamol generatorlarini rivojlantirishning ilmiy-metodik asoslari tahlil qilingan. Shamol resurslarini baholash, GIS texnologiyalari yordamida istiqbolli hududlarni aniqlash, iqtisodiy samaradorlik ko‘rsatkichlari (LCOE, NPV, IRR)ni hisoblash hamda milliy elektr tarmoqlariga integratsiya masalalari yoritilgan. Xalqaro tajribalar bilan solishtirish asosida O‘zbekiston sharoitiga mos metodik yondashuv taklif etilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari mamlakatda shamol energetikasini rivojlantirish istiqbollarini belgilashda amaliy ahamiyat kasb etadi.
shamol energetikasi, elektroenergetika tizimi, GIS, qayta tiklanuvchi energiya, metodik asoslar, investitsion samaradorlik.
O‘ZBEKISTON ELEKTROENERGETIKA TIZIMIDA ELEKTROMOBILLARNING ELEKTR ISTE’MOLI VA INFRATUZILMA RIVOJLANISHINING METODIK ASOSLARI
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston elektroenergetika tizimida elektromobillarning elektr energiyasi iste’moliga ta’siri, zaryadlash infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish zarurati va energiya samaradorligini oshirish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Metodik asos sifatida tahliliy, statistik va taqqoslash usullaridan foydalanilgan. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, elektromobillarni joriy etish nafaqat transport sohasida, balki butun energetika tizimida ham infratuzilma va tarif siyosatini modernizatsiya qilishni talab etadi. Xususan, differensial tarif siyosati, qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbalari integratsiyasi va “aqlli” zaryadlash tizimlari elektromobillarning samarali rivojlanishida muhim omil sifatida ko‘rsatib berilgan. Аннотация. В данной статье рассмотрена роль электромобилей в электроэнергетической системе Узбекистана, их влияние на потребление электроэнергии, необходимость развития зарядной инфраструктуры и пути повышения энергоэффективности. В качестве методической основы использованы аналитический, статистический и сравнительный методы. Результаты исследования показывают, что внедрение электромобилей требует модернизации не только транспортного сектора, но и всей энергетической системы, включая тарифную политику. В частности, дифференцированные тарифы, интеграция возобновляемых источников энергии и интеллектуальные системы зарядки определены как ключевые факторы эффективного развития электромобилей. Abstract. This article examines of electric vehicles in Uzbekistan’s power system and their impact on electricity consumption, the need to expand charging infrastructure, and ways to improve energy efficiency. Analytical, statistical, and comparative methods were used as the methodological basis. The study results indicate that the integration of electric vehicles requires modernization not only in the transport sector but also across the entire energy system, including tariff policies. In particular, differential tariff schemes, the integration of renewable energy sources, and smart charging technologies are highlighted as key factors for the effective development of electric vehicles.
Kalit so‘zlar: elektroenergetika tizimi, elektromobillar, energiya samaradorligi, differensial tarif siyosati, qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalari, zaryadlash infratuzilmasi, aqlli tarmoqlar, uglerod emissiyasi, ekologik barqarorlik, transport sektori. Ключевые слова: электроэнергетическая система, электромобили, энергоэффективность, дифференцированная тарифная политика, возобновляемые источники энергии, зарядная инфраструктура, интеллектуальные сети, выбросы углерода, экологическая устойчивость, транспортный сектор. Key words: power system, electric vehicles, energy efficiency, differential tariff policy, renewable energy sources, charging infrastructure, smart grids, carbon emissions, environmental sustainability, transport sector.
LANGUAGE CHANGE IN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION: LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL FEATURES OF YOUTH SPEECH UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA
The article explores the impact of digital communication on language use, with a particular focus on youth speech in social media platforms. The study highlights linguistic features such as code-switching, neologisms, and the use of visual symbols (emojis, hashtags), as well as cultural aspects of digital interaction.
digital communication, youth speech, code-switching, neologisms, visual semiotics, social media, linguistic hybridity, globalization, cross-cultural exchange, sociolinguistics, online discourse
MILITARY TERMINOLOGY IN LINGUISTICS: FEATURES, FUNCTIONS, AND CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
This article investigates the linguistic features and cultural functions of military terminology, emphasizing its role in both professional and civilian discourse. Military terms, often originating in times of conflict, have expanded into everyday language, reflecting broader sociocultural and political realities. The paper analyzes their semantic characteristics, metaphorical usage, and cross-linguistic variations, with particular attention to English, Russian, and Uzbek.
military terminology, linguistics, metaphor, cross-cultural communication, semantics, sociolinguistics, professional vocabulary, discourse analysis
Shodikhonov Saidazimkhon Murtozakhon ugli
Amudaryoning o‘ng sohili va Qibla Orolbo‘yi shaharlarining funksional rejalashtirilishi va hududiy arxitektura o‘ziga xosligi
Ushbu maqola Qibla Orolbo‘yi va Amudaryoning o‘ng sohili bo‘ylab joylashgan qadimiy shaharlarning funksional rejalashtirilishi, transport tizimi, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy bo‘linmalar va binokorlikdagi hududiy o‘ziga xosliklarni tahlil qiladi. Arxeologik qazishmalar, qadimiy yo‘llar izlari va qurilish materiallari tahlili asosida bu shaharlarning murakkab strukturalari o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada qadimgi urbanistik madaniyatning bugungi ilm-fan nuqtai nazaridan qayta baholanishi yoritiladi.
Qibla Orol, Amudaryo o‘ng sohili, funksional rejalashtirish, hududiy arxitektura, qadimgi transport, arxeologik yodgorlik, antik shahar madaniyati
Qadimgi Qibla Orolbo‘yi va Amudaryoning o‘ng sohili shaharlarida muhandislik tafakkuri va arxitektura innovatsiyalari
Ushbu maqolada Amudaryoning o‘ng sohili va Qibla Orolbo‘yi hududida qadimgi shaharlarning arxitektura rivoji muhandislik tafakkuri nuqtai nazaridan o‘rganiladi. Suv taqsimoti, himoya inshootlari, binolarning funksional tuzilishi, ekologik muvozanatga asoslangan qurilish amaliyoti yoritiladi. Tahlillar asosan qazilma yodgorliklar, GIS xaritalash, arxeometrik tahlil va qadimgi manbalarga asoslangan.
: Qibla Orol, Amudaryo o‘ng sohili, arxitektura innovatsiyasi, muhandislik tafakkuri, suv texnologiyalari, ekologik dizayn, qadimgi muhandislik, arxeometriya
Теоретические и практические вопросы языкознания
В данной статье рассматриваются ключевые теоретические и практические аспекты языкознания как науки о языке. Исследование направлено на анализ основополагающих понятий лингвистики, их применимость в реальной коммуникативной практике, а также на выявление взаимосвязи между теорией и практикой в изучении языковых явлений.
языкознание, теория языка, практическое применение, лингвистический анализ, коммуникация.
SHAHAR CHORRAHALARI UCHUN AVTOMOBILLARDAN CHIQAYOTGAN ZAHARLI MODDALAR MIQDORINI ANIQLOVCHI QURILMANING AFZALLIKLARI.
Zamonaviy shaharlarda havo ifloslanishi global muammolardan biri hisoblanadi. Avtomobillarning ko‘payishi bilan birga, havoga chiqarilayotgan zararli moddalar ham ortib bormoqda. Shuning uchun bugungi kunda ko‘plab mamlakatlarda zararli gazlarni kuzatish va nazorat qilishga alohida e’tibor berilmoqda. Shahar chorrahalariga oʻrnatilgan avtomobillardan chiqayotgan zaharli moddalar miqdorini avtomatik aniqlovchi qurilmalar ushbu muammoni samarali hal qilishda muhim rol oʻynaydi. Ushbu maqolada mazkur qurilmaning afzalliklari va atrof-muhitni himoya qilishda uning ahamiyati haqida toʻxtalamiz.
Avtomobil transporti, atrof-muhit, chiqindi gazlar, qurum, avtomobil dvigateli, benzin, shovqin.
JONDOR TUMANIDAGI “GULISTON NAMGONI” KANALINI YAXSHILASH BO’YICHA CHORA-TADBIRLAR ISHLAB CHIQISH
Ushbu maqolada Jondor tumanida “Guliston namgoni” kanali haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan. Kanalning ish rejimi o’rganilgan va suv oqimining aktiv ta’siri kamaytirish bo’yicha hisoblar amalga oshirilgan. Xulosa qismida kanal ishlash sharoitini yaxshilash hamda xalq xo’jaligida qishloq xo’jaligi mahsulotlarini yetishtirishda suvning ahamiyati va suv resurslari muammolarini yechishga qaratilgan tavsiyalar berilgan .
kanal, suv bosimi, maydon, sarf, sath, zatvor.
BOʻSTON – 1 NASOS STANSIYASINI ISH FAOLIYATINI YAXSHILASH BO’YICHA CHORA-TADBIRLAR ISHLAB CHIQISH
Annotatsiya Ushbu maqolada Amudaryo va Zarafshon daryolari havzasida joylashgan nasos stansiyalar agregatlarining ish rejimi o’rganilgan. Undan tashqari nasos agregatlari faoliyatiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar o’rganilgan. Mavjud kamchiliklarni tuzatish bo’yicha taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Agregatlarda energiya tejamkor texnalogiyalarni qo’llash orqali ishlash sharoitini yaxshilash hamda xalq xo’jaligida qishloq xo’jaligi mahsulotlarini yetishtirishda suvning ahamiyati va suv resurslari muammolarini yechishga qaratilgan tavsiyalar berilgan.
Nasos, bosim, quvur, gidravlik zarba, nasos qurilmasi, teskari klapan, dvigatel, qulfak.
ANDIJON SHAXRIDAGI ALPOMISH MEROSI AVTOSAROYIDA YO’LOVCHI TASHISHDA MULTIMODAL TASHISH YO’NALISHNI QISQARTIRISH
Ushbu maqolada Andijon shaxridagi alpomish merosi avtosaroyida yo’lovchi tashishda multimodal tashish yo’nalishni qisqartirish bilan bo’gliq bo’lgan yo’nalishlalrni yaxshilashga qaratilgan yechimlar yoritiladi.
Logistika, tashish surati, infratuzilmas, modernizatsiya, transport-foydalanish sifati, integratsiyalash.
SHAHRIHON SHAHAR AVTOSHOXBEKATIDA YO'LOVCHI TASHISH INTELEKTUAL TRANSPORT TIZIMIDAN FOYDALANISHNI BAHOLASH
Ushbu tezisda Shahrixon shahar avtoshoxbekatida yo‘lovchi tashish intellektual transport tizimidan foydalanishni baholash hamda undagi kamnchiliklar, va shu yo‘nalishdagi muammolar haqida bir nechta dasturlar yoritib berilgan.
Inftuzilma, kompleks rivojlantirish, rekonstruksiya, avtosatnsiya, konsepsiya, dispetcherlik.